Do Black Holes Create NEW Universes?

 

have you ever wondered what could be inside a black hole there are lots of speculations regarding this question but one that is getting the most popularity will give you an existential crisis how would you react if you found out we are living inside a doing black

 sweetie

 [Music]

 there's ominous music playing and there's an afghan over my head i don't know where you're from but where i'm from that means i'm not doing okay welcome to fact nominal and today let's talk about are black holes cradles of new universes by now the theory of the universe beginning as an infinitely hot and dense point called a singularity is widely accepted among the science and astronomy communities but our knowledge of singularities is very limited because we know only one kind of singularity in the observable universe the black holes to make matters worse black holes are extremely greedy they suck everything in but never give back much not even info on the universe the absence of facts results in theories and speculations and one of the most fascinating theories out there about black hole singularities is that they might be wombs for baby universes

 it does make sense as the only thing we know coming out of a singularity is our own universe so why expect these existing singularities to be any different

 we all know black holes are formed when a massive star dies and its core collapses into itself and gravity overwhelms its existence to the point that even light cannot escape this gravity demon for the newcomers that don't know the structure of a black hole is the boundary that delineates that point of no return is called the event horizon a sort of opaque wrapping that doesn't let you see the singularity itself as matter light and energy falls into the black hole the event horizon gets bigger and bigger rapidly at the beginning until the black hole continues to grow and then slows down to a lower rate

 looking back at the big bang the universe expanded incredibly fast faster than the speed of light during the first trillionth of a second of the existence of the universe and then expansion cooled down over time interestingly that does sound a lot like how black holes come into existence so is it possible that our universe is the event horizon in some other universe's black hole do you realize what this means i know all of this sounds very much like the endings of a men in black movie but the actual physics behind such a conclusion is quite crazy too three-dimensional black holes in our universe have two-dimensional event horizons that means for our universe to be an event horizon it had to be born out of a four-dimensional black hole in a four-dimensional black universe of course this sort of theory needs a lot of math to back itself but as we mentioned before singularities are greedy bullies they do not like to share anything but event horizons are a little kinder

 we are able to calculate what happens on the boundary of an event horizon as matter falls into the black hole the event horizon encodes that information the black hole and the event horizon grow in tandem so that the surface area is the exact right size to contain the information for all of the matter that has ever fallen in since the black hole's inception all that information could translate to everything that exists in our universe the idea that our universe is entirely contained within a black hole provides answers to problems such as what started the big bang

 how come the early rapid inflation comes to an end and what is the source of the mysterious dark energy that is apparently causing the universe to speed up its expansion in the mid-1960s a discovery was made that revolutionized our concept of the universe

 it was a uniform omnidirectional bath of low energy radiation that appeared from everywhere in the sky this radiation had the same temperature in all directions now determined to be 2.725 kelvin just a few degrees above absolute zero the radiation had a practically perfect black body spectrum as though it had a hot thermal origin and it appeared identical to within one part in thirty thousand no matter where you looked in the sky they called this radiation initially a primeval fireball but now it is known as the cosmic microwave background representing critical evidence that our universe is expanding and cooling because it was hotter and denser than in the past

 the farther back we extrapolate the universe the smaller more uniform and more compact things seem to be and when we went all the way back the hot big bang appeared to approach a singularity the same condition found at the central interiors of black holes it is a location where densities temperatures and energies are so extreme that the laws of physics themselves break down

 as our understanding of the universe has improved and polished over the last 50 or 60 years two new discoveries have rocked the foundations of cosmology the first was cosmic inflation that explained that instead of arising from a singularity the universe was perhaps set up by a rapid relentless state of constant exponential expansion that preceded the hot big bang as if there were some sort of field that provided energy inherent to space itself causing the universe to inflate and only when inflation ended did the hot big bang begin

 the second was dark energy as the universe is expanding and becoming less dense distant galaxies start to recede from us at an accelerating rate with a much smaller magnitude the universe is still behaving like there's some sort of energy inherent to space itself

 refusing to dilute even as the expansion of space continues in every theory that we have come up with investigating this phenomenon dark energy seems to be the culprit scientists are convinced that dark energy is connected to the current expansion of the universe [Music]

 the big bang was a black hole theory eliminates the notion of physically impossible singularities in our universe and it draws upon two central theories in physics

 first is obviously general relativity the modern theory of gravity that replaced newton's theory according to general relativity any event in the universe occurs as a point in space and time or space-time a massive object such as the sun distorts or curves space-time like a bowling ball sitting on a canvas the sun's gravitational dense alters the motion of earth and the other planets orbiting it

 the sun's pull of the planets appears to us as the force of gravity the second theory is quantum mechanics and it describes the universe at the smallest scales such as the level of the atom unlike general relativity that describes the universe at a macro level combining the two we get the einstein carten siama kibble theory of gravity that not only provides a step towards quantum gravity but also leads to an alternate picture of the universe this variation of general relativity incorporates an important quantum property known as spin particles such as atoms and electrons possess spin or the internal angular momentum that is analogous to a skater spinning on ice in this theory spins and particles interact with space-time and endow it with a property called torsion imagine space-time not as a two-dimensional canvas but as a flexible one-dimensional rod bending the rod corresponds to curving space-time and twisting the rod corresponds to space-time torsion if a rod is thin you can bend it but it's hard to see if it's twisted or not [Music]

 the twist or space-time torsion would have only been noticeable in the primordial black holes that were formed during the early stages of the universe as the environment was extreme back then space torsion would manifest itself as a repulsive force that counters the attractive gravitational force coming from space-time curvature similar to how general relativity explains how very massive stars end up collapsing into black holes

 scientists have some idea about how torsion would have played out in the earliest moments of our universe initially the gravitational attraction from curved space would overcome torsion's repulsive forces serving to collapse matter into smaller regions of space

 but eventually torsion would become very strong and prevent the matter from compressing into a point of infinite density

 so the matter would reach a state of extremely large but finite density as energy can be converted into mass the immensely high gravitational energy in this extremely dense state would cause an intense production of particles greatly increasing the mass inside the black hole

 the increasing numbers of particles with spin would result in higher levels of space-time torsion the repulsive torsion would stop the collapse and would create a big bounce like a compressed beach ball that snaps outward the rapid recoil after such a big bounce could be what has led to our expanding universe the result of this recoil matches observations of the universe's shape geometry and distribution of mass so according to the torsion mechanism every black hole would produce a new baby universe inside itself this is where things get interesting in quite a men in blackish way if the torsion mechanism checks out then our universe must have borrowed its first matter from somewhere else quite possibly from a universe that hosts the black hole which is the home of our universe that also means just as we cannot see what is going on inside black holes in the cosmos any observers in the parent universe could not see what is going on in ours

 [Music]

 torsion could also be the source of dark energy that according to scientists is a mysterious energy form that pervades all of space and also is the cause of why the universe is expanding geometry with torsion naturally produces a cosmological constant a sort of added on outward force that could be the simplest way to explain dark energy that is why the observed accelerating expansion of the universe may end up being the strongest evidence for torsion furthermore torsion could also describe the imbalance of matter and anti-matter in the universe if torsion exists then it would cause matter to decay into familiar electrons and quarks

 but antimatter would decay into dark matter and that constitutes the majority of matter in the universe despite being invisible

 in short if we can prove the existence of torsion we can solve a lot of top tier mysteries of the universe but torsion would also raise some of its own questions would that universe itself be inside a black hole or not if yes how many layers of parent universes would we have but most importantly how can we verify that our universe lives in a black hole tell us in the comments how would you feel if our universe is inside a black hole and as always thanks for reading fact nominal